Since they are outliers in terms of visual perception, moral reasoning and categorization (among many other topics), WEIRD samples limit broad population validity in the social sciences. Samples like this one, from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) countries, are used in an estimated 96% of psychology studies, even though they represent only 12% of the world’s population. women and students from different majors, countries, and socioeconomic backgrounds). college-educated men and STEM majors.įor higher population validity, your sample would need to include people with different characteristics (e.g. The findings can only reasonably be generalized to populations that share characteristics with the participants, e.g. Here, your sample is not representative of the whole population of students at your university. You find that the average participant believes they are smarter than 66% of their peers.Ĭan you conclude that most people believe themselves to be much better than others at maths and science? In a laboratory setting, you administer a mathematics and science test and then ask them to rate how well they think performed. They are science and engineering majors most of them are American, male, 18–20 years old and from a high socioeconomic background. Your target population is the 10,000 undergraduate students at your university. Example: low population validityYou want to test the hypothesis that people tend to perceive themselves as smarter than others in terms of academic abilities. With this type of sampling, the generalizability of results is limited to populations that share similar characteristics with the sample. Non-probability sampling methods are often used for convenience. Population validity depends on the choice of population and on the extent to which the study sample mirrors that population. Population validity refers to whether you can reasonably generalize the findings from your sample to a larger group of people (the population). There are two main types of external validity: population validity and ecological validity. Frequently asked questions about external validity.Threats to external validity and how to counter them.Trade-off between external and internal validity.Probability vs non-probability sampling.
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